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Zvandakadzidza Nezve WANA Specification yeQuarry Bulldozers Mushure memakore gumi eMigodhi Yekupfeka Zvikamu

Pandakatanga kupa zvishandiso zvekushandisa pasi (GET) kumabasa ekuchera matombo muna 2015, chikanganiso chandakaona vatungamiriri vekuchengetedza ngarava dzematombo vachiita ndechekuti vaitaura nezvemipendero yeGET zvichienderana nemutengo chete — kutenga sarudzo yakachipa yaizokwana michina yavo pasina kufunga nezvekukwesha kwezvinhu zvematombo, maawa ekushanda pazuva, kana mutengo wese wekushandisa kweGET muhupenyu hwese hwemidziyo. Mugumisiro wacho waive wekusakara nguva isati yakwana (apo simbi yemhando yepasi yaishandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu ekukwesha zvakanyanya) kana kuti mutengo wakawandisa (apo tungsten carbide tips yepamusoro yaishandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu ekukwesha zvishoma apo simbi yakajairwa yaipiswa yaizokwana).

Mumakore gumi apfuura, ndakapa zvigadzirwa zveGET kumabasa ekuchera matombo muSoutheast Asia, Middle East, neCentral Asia, kubva kumacheri madiki emestone anoshandiswa nemhuri achigadzira matani zviuru makumi mashanu pagore kusvika kumacheri makuru egranite achigadzira matani mamiriyoni maviri pagore. Ndakaita zvidzidzo zvekusakara, ndakaongorora mari yese inoshandiswa neGET patani yezvinhu zvakatamiswa, uye ndakashanda nemapoka ekugadzirisa kuti ndigadzirise nguva dzekuchinja kweGET uye maitiro ekushanda. Zvandakadzidza ndezvekuti GET specification isarudzo yeinjiniya inotungamirirwa nedata, kwete sarudzo yekutenga, uye kuti specification chaiyo inogona kuderedza mari yese yeGET ne30-50% zvichienzaniswa ne specification isina musoro yakavakirwa pamutengo wakaderera wekutanga.

Kunzwisisa Tekinoroji yeGET: Masisitimu Esimbi Imwe Kana Kuti Yakasungirirwa

Zvishandiso zvekushandisa pasi zvemabulldozer ekuchera zvinowanikwa muhurongwa hukuru huviri: single-steel (uko adapta nemucheto wekupedzisira zviri chinhu chimwe chete chakaumbwa kana chakaumbwa) uye welded-tippet (uko muromo wakaumbwa wakaparadzaniswa wakasungirirwa kana kusungirirwa nemashini paadapta yesimbi). Sarudzo pakati pemasisitimu aya ine zvazvinoreva pamutengo wekushanda, maitiro ekugadzirisa, uye njodzi yemidziyo.

Masisitimu eSimbi Imwe Chete GET

Masisitimu eGET esimbi imwe chete ndiwo magadzirirwo echinyakare ekucheka mipendero yebulldozer uye anoramba ariwo akajairika mumabasa mazhinji ekuchera. Chikamu chose — kubva pachinhu chinokiya chinobatanidza shank yebanga redozer kusvika kumucheto wekucheka unobata zvinhu zvekuchera — chidimbu chimwe chete chesimbi inogadziriswa nekupisa. Kana mupendero wekucheka ukapera kana kupwanyika, chikamu chose chinobviswa chotsiviwa nechimwe chitsva.

Zvakanakira masisitimu esimbi imwe chete ndezviri nyore (hapana ma weld ekuchengetedza, hapana hardware yekuchengetedza tip yekutarisa, uye hapana njodzi yekurasikirwa netip panguva yekushanda) uye kuvimbika (geti yesimbi imwe chete yakaiswa zvakanaka haizokundikane nenzira inokonzera kukuvara kwebanga). Dambudziko nderemutengo: kana mucheto wekucheka unopera mushure memaawa 200-600 ekushanda, chikamu chose - kusanganisira chikamu cheadapta chisina kumbosakara zvachose - chinofanira kutsiviwa. Kune zvinhu zvekuchera zvine abrasion yakanyanya apo mucheto wekucheka unosakara nekukurumidza, izvi zvinoreva kutsiva adapta isina kupfeka ye70-80% maawa ese 200-400, izvo zvinoparadza mari.

Masisitimu eWelded-Tippet GET

Masisitimu eGET ane matippet anobatsira kugadzirisa kusashanda zvakanaka kwehurongwa hwesimbi imwe chete nekuparadzanisa chikamu chekusakara (tip) kubva kune chikamu chechimiro (adapta). Kana muromo wacho wapera, muromo chete ndiwo unotsiviwa - adapta inoramba yakaiswa pabanga redozer, uye muromo mutsva unosungirirwa kana kuvharwa nekanika panzvimbo. Kune mashandiro ekuchera akawanda, izvi zvinogona kuderedza mutengo wekushanda weGET ne30-40% nekuti mutengo weadapta unoderedzwa nekuda kwekuchinjana matip akawanda.

Zvisinei, masisitimu esimbi dzakasungirirwa anounza njodzi dzisiripo nesimbi imwe chete. Weld iri pakati pemuromo neadaptara ijoini yakakosha yekuvaka iyo inosangana nematambudziko anokonzerwa nekukweshana kwezvinhu zvemugodhi uye kukweshana. Kana weld isina kugadzirwa maererano nezvinodiwa zvekuchera (kazhinji AWS D14.1 kana zvakaenzana), kana weld isingaongororwe nguva dzose kuti ione kana paine mitswe uye kuneta, kukundikana kweweld panguva yekushanda kunogona kukonzera kuti muromo utyoke wova projectile ine kumhanya kwakanyanya mukati megomba, kana kuti kunogona kukonzera kukuvara kwebanga redozer rinodhura ka5-10 kupfuura mutengo weGET wekugadzirisa. Mukuona kwangu, njodzi yekukundikana kweweld ndiyo chikonzero chikuru nei vamwe vanoshanda mugomba vachida masisitimu esimbi imwe chete - vanogamuchira mutengo wakakwira wekuchinjana kwekuchinjana kwesimbi kuti vabvise njodzi yekukundikana kweweld.

Imwe nzira yechitatu inodzivirira kusashanda zvakanaka kwesimbi imwe chete uye njodzi yekuweld-tippet ndeye mechanical-lock tip system, uko tip inobatwa muadapta ne mechanical retention system (pin yekukiya, SetRing, kana wedge system) pane kuibatanidza. Mechanical-lock tips inogona kuchinjwa mumaminitsi mashanu kusvika gumi (zvichienzaniswa nemaminitsi makumi matatu kusvika makumi matanhatu e weld tip), uye inobvisa njodzi yekukundikana kwe weld zvachose, asi inoda kuongororwa nguva dzose uye kugadziriswa kwe locking mechanism kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti tips hadzirasikirwi panguva yekushanda. Ini ndinokurudzira zvakanyanya mechanical-lock systems dzemabasa ekuchera uko hunhu hwekuchengetedza hunosiyana uye uko mhedzisiro yechiitiko chekurasikirwa ne tip yakanyanya kuipa.

Kusarudzwa kweGiredhi reZvinhu Zvichibva paKuchera Zvinhu

Kukwesha kwechinhu chekuchera ndicho chinhu chikuru pakusarudzwa kwegiredhi rezvinhu zveGET, uye kufananidza giredhi rezvinhu nekwesha ndicho chisarudzo chimwe chete chakakosha muGET specification. Kukwesha kwechinhu chekuchera kunoyerwa nemiedzo yerabhoritari yakajairwa: bvunzo yeLos Angeles (LA75) yekukwesha inoyera kurasikirwa kwesimbi yakajairwa mushure mekutenderera kwe500 nezvinhu zvekuchera; Cerchar abrasivity index (CAI) inoyera kuomarara kwechinhu chekuchera pachinyoreso chesimbi. Miedzo yese miviri inopa data rinobatsira, uye ini ndinowanzo shandisa LA75 senzira yekutanga yekuyera nekuti inoenderana zviri nani nehupenyu hwekushandisa hweGET muchiitiko changu chemunda.

Zvinhu Zvisinganyanyi Kuora (Limestone, Marble, Gypsum)

Matombo eLimestone, marble, uye gypsum ane LA75 values ​​ari pakati pe20-30 (zvichireva kuti chinhu ichi chinokonzera kurasikirwa kwe20-30% mukuyedzwa kweLA75) uye Cerchar indices dze0.5-1.5. Zvinhu izvi zvakapfava uye zvinokonzera kupera kwepakati pamipendero yeGET. Pamashandisirwo aya, ndinotsanangura mipendero yekucheka yesimbi isina alloy ine Brinell hardness ye400-500 HB, iyo inopa hupenyu hwakakwana hwekupfeka (maawa ekushanda 300-600 patip set ye320HP bulldozers) pamutengo wakaderera wakakodzera. Tungsten carbide kana chrome carbide tips kazhinji hadzisi mutengo wakanaka muzvinhu zvisinganyanyi kushatisa nekuti kuvandudzwa kwehupenyu hwekupfeka hakurevi kuti mutengo wezvikamu wakakwira ka3-5.

Zvinhu Zvinoshandiswa Pakukweshana Pakati Nepakati (Jecha, Matombo Akachekwa, Iron Ore)

Matombo ejecha, mamwe magadzirirwo ematombo, uye simbi yemhando yepasi ine LA75 values ​​iri pakati pe40-60 uye Cerchar indices ye2.0-3.5. Zvinhu izvi zvinokonzera kupfeka kwakanyanya kunokanganisa simbi yakajairwa inopiswa. GET. Pakushandisa uku, ndinotsanangura simbi yepakati-yakagadziriswa inopiswa ine chromium (kazhinji 2-4% chromium) kuti iwedzere kuomarara uye kuramba kupfeka, nekuomarara kweBrinell kwe500-600 HB. Kuwedzera kwechromium kunowedzera mutengo neinenge 15-25% zvichienzaniswa nesimbi yakajairwa inopiswa asi inowedzera hupenyu hwekupfeka ne50-100%, zvichiita kuti ive inodhura kune inoshandiswa pakati-yakagadziriswa. Neimwe nzira, ndinotsanangura chrome carbide overlay plate pachiso chekucheka kuti ive mhinduro inodhura zvakanyanya mune zvinhu zvine pakati-yakagadziriswa - overlay inopa kuomarara kwepamusoro kwe600-700 HB nepo substrate ichiramba yakasimba alloy steel.

Zvinhu Zvinonyanya Kukwesha (Granite, Basalt, Quartzite)

Granite, basalt, quartzite, uye mamwe maore esimbi akaomarara ane LA75 values ​​iri pakati pe70-100 uye Cerchar indices ye4.0-6.0. Zvinhu izvi ndezvimwe zvezvinhu zvechisikigo zvinonyanya kukwesha zvinosangana nazvo mukuchera matombo, uye simbi yakajairwa inogadziriswa nekupisa GET inogona kupera mumaawa ekushanda angangoita 50-100 mumamiriro ezvinhu aya. Kune mashandisirwo ekupisa kwakanyanya, ndinotsanangura tungsten carbide composite tips (ine kuomarara kukuru kwe1,500-1,800 HB) kana maplate ealloy anodzivirira abrasion ane kuomarara kwakanyanya (650-700 HB pamusoro). Mutengo wezvinhu izvi zvepamusoro wakapetwa katatu kusvika gumi pane mutengo wesimbi yakajairwa inogadziriswa nekupisa, asi hupenyu hwekupfeka hwakareba (maawa ekushanda chiuru-4,000 zvichienderana negiredhi rezvinhu uye kukura kwechinhu chakacherwa) zvinoita kuti zvive sarudzo inoshanda zvakanyanya kana mutengo wese wekushanda, basa, uye kurasikirwa kwekubudirira uchiverengerwa.

Mutengo Chaiwo weGET Wear mumabasa ekuchera matombo

Mutengo wekupfeka kweGET mumabasa ekuchera wakakwira zvikuru kupfuura zvinofungwa nevazhinji vevatariri vekuchera, nekuti mutengo wechikamu chakananga ingori chikamu chidiki chemutengo wese. Muruzivo rwangu rwekuongorora data remutengo weGET kubva kumabasa ekuchera munyika dzakawanda, mutengo wese wekupfeka kweGET unopatsanurwa seizvi: 20-30% mutengo wakananga wezvikamu zveGET (matipi, maadapta, mipendero yekucheka); 30-40% mutengo wekushanda kwenguva pfupi yekuchinja kweGET nekugadzirisa banga; uye 40-50% mutengo wekurasikirwa kwekubudirira pamwe nekukuvara kwechipiri kune chimiro chebanga redozer kunokonzerwa nekushanda kweGET kwakasakara kupfuura nzvimbo yekuchinja inokurudzirwa.

Mhedzisiro yekubudirira kweWorn GET

Kana mipendero yeGET yapera kupfuura nguva inokurudzirwa yekuchinja, kushanda zvakanaka kwepush yedozer kunoderera zvakanyanya. Bulldozer ine GET yakachengetedzwa zvakanaka inogona kusunda zvinhu zvakawanda ne15-25% paawa kupfuura muchina mumwe chete une GET yakasakara inoshanda mumamiriro akafanana. Kurasikirwa uku kwekubudirira hakusi pachena nguva dzose nekuti kunoungana zvishoma nezvishoma sezvo GET ichisakara, asi pazuva rese rekugadzira, musiyano uripo pakati peGET yakachengetedzwa zvakanaka neyakasakara unogona kureva kudzikira kwe10-20% kwezvinhu zvinofambiswa zuva nezuva - izvo pamutengo wegedhi remagori weUSD 10-30 patani inomiririra USD 1,000-5,000 pazuva mumari inorasika yekushanda kwegori repakati nepakati.

Kukuvadzwa kwechipiri kunokonzerwa neGET yakasakara pamwe ndicho chinhu chisinganyanyi kukosha. Kana mupendero wekucheka uchipera kusvika pausingachapi nzvimbo yakapinza yekucheka, dozer blade inotanga kukwira pamusoro pechinhu pane kucheka nepakati payo zvakanaka. Izvi zvinoita kuti danda ribate pasi uye mapfundo emapapiro akwenye zvinhu zvisina kuchekwa, izvo zvinoita kuti mapuratifomu epasi peblade akurumidze kupera, mapratifomu emapapiro, uye kubatana kwemaoko. Ndakaona kugadziriswa kwechimiro chedozer blade kwakadhura USD 8,000-25,000 - kashanu kusvika kagumi mutengo wegore negore weGET - kwakakonzerwa nekushanda neGET yakasakara kupfuura nzvimbo yekuchinja inokurudzirwa.

WANA Kuronga Kwenguva Yekuchinja Kwemabasa Ezvikepe zveQuarry

Nguva yekuchinja kweGET yemabulldozer emugodhi inofanira kunge yakavakirwa pakusakara kwakayerwa, kwete pachirongwa chakatarwa, nekuti kukwesha kwezvinhu zvemugodhi kunosiyana pakati penzvimbo dzemugodhi, pakati pemabhenji, uye pakati pemwaka. Zvisinei, mabasa mazhinji emugodhi anoda pokutangira pakuronga kwavo kugadzirisa, uye ndinopa nhungamiro dzinotevera zvichibva parudzi rwezvinhu zvemugodhi uye kirasi yehukuru hwedozer, pamwe nekurudziro yekuti vashandi vagadzirise nguva zvichienderana nekuyera kwemunda chaiko.

Nzira yekuongorora

Ndinokurudzira kuti utarise GET yako nemaziso pese pakuchinja kweshanduko — kazhinji maawa masere kana gumi nemaviri ekushanda — izvo zvinotora mushandi akadzidziswa kana nyanzvi yekugadzirisa maminetsi angangoita mashanu kuti iite. Kuongorora uku kunofanira kutarisa: kuchekwa kwemhino (yera kureba kwemhino yasara kubva pamhino yekumusoro kusvika pafudzi readapta — tsiva kana iri mukati me10mm kubva pafudzi readapta); kutsemuka kunooneka (tsvaga kutsemuka kunobva pamhino yekumusoro kuenda ku adapter interface — chero kutsemuka kwese kwe5mm kunoda kutsiviwa nekukasika); kuchekwa kwemhino (kune masisitimu emakanika-akakiyiwa uye akasungirirwa-tippet, simbisa kuti mativi acho akachengeteka uye kuti nzira yekuchengetedza haina kukanganiswa); uye mamiriro eadapta (tarisa nzvimbo dzakakombama kana dzakasakara dze adapter dzinogona kudzivirira kugara zvakanaka kwemhino).

Nguva dzekuchinja dzakarongwa

Pakuronga kwekutanga kwekugadzirisa, ndinokurudzira nguva dzinotevera dzekuchinja dzeGET senzvimbo dzekutanga, dzakagadziriswa zvichienderana nedata rekuongorora chairo: ye320HP class bulldozers (inowanzoitwa nematombo emestone ari pakati nepakati) mu limestone (LA75 20-30): tsiva matips pamaawa ekushanda e300-500; mujecha (LA75 40-60): tsiva matips pamaawa ekushanda e200-400; mu granite/basalt (LA75 70-100): tsiva matips pamaawa ekushanda e100-200 netungsten carbide tips. Ye520HP class bulldozers (inowanzoitwa nematombo makuru): edza nguva dziri pamusoro nechikamu cheinenge 0.8, nekuti michina mikuru ine mutengo weGET wakakwira paawa yekushanda nekuda kwehukuru hwetips hunobatanidzwa.

Nezvemitemo yekupfeka michina yemugodhi, bvunzaiISO 10414mitemo yemichina yekuboora matombo uyeSAE Yepasirosenhungamiro dzekushandisa michina yekufambisa ivhu.

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pemasystem eGET ane simbi imwe chete neakasungirirwa emagetsi ekugadzira mabulldozer?

Masisitimu eGET esimbi imwe chete anoshandisa zvikamu zvakaumbwa kana kuti zvakagadzirwa nesimbi imwe chete apo adapta nemucheto wekucheka zvinenge zviri chimwe chete — kana mupendero wekucheka wapera, chikamu chose chinotsiviwa, kusanganisira adapta isina kupfeka. Masisitimu eWelded-tippet anoshandisa muromo wakaumbwa wakasiyana wakasungirirwa kana kuvharirwa nesimbi — muromo wakasakara chete ndiwo unotsiviwa kana wapera, zvichideredza mari yekushandisa ne30-40%. Simbi imwe chete inopa nyore uye hapana njodzi yekurasikirwa netambo; welded-tippet inoderedza mutengo asi inounza njodzi yekukundikana kwesimbi. Masisitimu eMechanical-lock tip anopa sarudzo yechitatu — kutsiva tip pasina welding uye pasina njodzi yekukundikana kwesimbi.

Kuyera zvinhu kunokanganisa sei hupenyu hwekusakara kweGET mukushandiswa kwematombo?

Kuyera kwezvinhu ndicho chinhu chikuru chinoratidza hupenyu hwekushandisa GET. Simbi yakajairwa yekabhoni (300-400 HB) inosakara mumaawa 100-200 mumatombo emugodhi abrasive. Simbi ine alloy shoma (450-550 HB) inowedzera hupenyu hwekushandisa kusvika maawa 300-500. Chrome carbide overlay (600-700 HB) inowedzera hupenyu hwekushandisa kusvika maawa 600-1,000. Tungsten carbide composite tips (1,500-1,800 HB) inogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwekushandisa kusvika maawa 2,000-4,000 mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Kuyera kwakakodzera kunofanirwa kuenzaniswa neLA75 kana Cerchar abrasiveness index yezvinhu zvemugodhi — kushandisa zvinhu zvepamusoro muzvinhu zvisina abrasion kunotambisa mari, nepo kushandisa simbi yakajairwa muzvinhu zvine abrasion yakawanda kunokonzera kupfeka kwakanyanya uye kukuvara kwechipiri.

Mutengo chaiwo wekushandisa GET wear mumabasa ekuchera magori ndewei?

Mari yese yekupfeka GET inosanganisira: (1) Mari yechikamu cheGET yakananga — 20-30% yehuwandu hwese; (2) Mari yekushanda yekutsiva — 30-40% yehuwandu hwese (nguva yekuzorora kwemaawa 2-4 pachiitiko chekuchinja); (3) Kurasikirwa nekubudirira kubva kuGET yakasakara kunoderedza kushanda zvakanaka kwekusunda ne15-25% — 20-30% yehuwandu hwese; (4) Kukuvara kwechipiri kumaplate emapapiro eblade, maoko ekusunda, uye maplate epasi ekusunda — 20-30% yehuwandu hwese. Mari yese inogona kusvika USD 3-8 paawa yekushanda mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma ekuchera. Mari yekugadzirisa chivakwa cheblade inokonzerwa nekushanda neGET yakasakara kupfuura nzvimbo yekuchinja inokurudzirwa inogona kusvika USD 8,000-25,000 pachiitiko chega chega — ka5-10 kakapetwa mutengo weGET wepagore.

Kukwesha kwezvinhu zvakajairika zvekuchera matongo kunokanganisa sei kusarudzwa kweGET?

Kukwesha kwezvinhu zvekuchera kunosiyana-siyana: limestone yakapfava (LA75 20-30, Cerchar 0.5-1.0) inoshandisa simbi inopiswa ye450-500 HB ine hupenyu hwemaawa 300-600. Kukwesha kwepakati kwejecha nejecha (LA75 40-60, Cerchar 2.0-3.0) kunoda chrome carbide overlay ye550-650 HB ine hupenyu hwemaawa 300-500. Granite nebasalt zvine hukasha hwakanyanya (LA75 70-100, Cerchar 4.0-6.0) zvinoda tungsten carbide tips kana ultra-high hardness alloys (650-700 HB) ine hupenyu hwemaawa 400-2,000 zvichienderana negiredhi. Nguva dzose edza kana kuwana data reLA75/Cerchar rezvinhu zvako zvekuchera usati wataura giredhi reGET.

Ndeipi nguva yekuchinja yeGET iyo maneja wezvikepe zvekuchera matombo anofanira kushandisa pamabulldozer?

Nguva dzekuchinja kwechigadziko pakushandiswa kwakayerwa, kwete nguva yekarenda. Kune mabulldozer ekirasi ye320HP ari mu limestone: maawa ekushanda 300-500 patip set. Mujecha: maawa ekushanda 200-400. Mu granite/basalt: maawa ekushanda 100-200 netungsten carbide tips. Kune mabulldozer ekirasi ye520HP, deredza nguva neanenge 20%. Tarisa pakuchinja kwega kwega (maawa ese 8-12) uye tsiva kana mhino yekumusoro yakasakara kusvika mukati me10mm kubva pafudzi re adapter, chero kuputika kunoonekwa kubva pamhino kuenda kune adapter kunodarika 5mm, kana kudzikira kwehuremu kunodarika 15% yepakutanga. Kushanda kupfuura miganho iyi kunowedzera njodzi yekukuvara kwechipiri zvakanyanya.